King of Shadows the Relationship Between Nat and...

In the ‘King of Shadows’, Nathan and Shakespeare’s bond grew stronger and stronger every chapter as they know more about each other and their love for acting and the stage. Nathan and Shakespeare connected with each other as Nathan is always trying to do his best at acting, surprising Shakespeare with the things he could do, such as his acrobatics skills. When Nathan met Shakespeare for the first time, all he wanted to do is be closer to him. ‘William Shakespeare. It was as if he’d said, ‘Say hello to God.’ I stared down at the stage, speechless. I suppose we were ten feet or so above him, for a moment I couldn’t move – and then more than anything I wanted to be closer to him.’ This could show that even before they met, Nathan knew that†¦show more content†¦Paul’s boys. ‘Will Shakespeare came from behind me, pulled up a stool and sat down to watch Burbage paint. Gladness at seeing him sent sudden warmth into my throat and my chest; a wonderful feeling, but oddly like pain.’ This shows that Nathan feels safe around Shakespeare and leaving Shakespeare to go to St Paul’s Boys felt like going out to a dangerous world. Shakespeare and Nathan shared a same passion for acting on stage, as it felt like a different world which you can change who you are, and a world which you can ignore reality. ‘This was his world, this was what he did and who he was, and I knew exactly how he was feeling, because the same was true for me.’ Even when Shakespeare was acting in ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’, Nathan felt as if he was the leader, the one with authority, and the King of Fairyland and of the whole world. This made Nathan, in the character of Puck, his loyal servant. In the play, Nathan and Shakespeare were Puck and Oberon, together. ‘There we were, the two of us, at the heart of this happy gathering of three thousand people, at the heart of this fantastical play: together in the centre of the stage, Will Shakespeare and me.’ Nathan knew the perfections Shakespeare wants in his plays, and Nathan, even-though he did a lot of thribbling when he was playing Boy in the last minute; Shakespeare was amazed at how he learnt his lines.Show MoreRelated Importance of Thinking in Troilus and Criseyde and Hamlet Essay3509 Words   |  15 Pagesrecent and grudging acknowledgement of the idea. Directly, afterwards, Hamlet remarks that he could be â€Å"bounded in a nutshell†except for his â€Å"bad dreams†(2.2.260-262). And, no these dreams are not â€Å"ambit ions,?as Guildenstern argues, dreams are â€Å"shadows† The bitterness inherent in this comment is as thick as pea soup. Revenge is all that remains and bookish words by their very nature may not be part of such a plan (1.5.99-102). At one point, Polonius remarks that love is the â€Å"very cause of hisRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagescomprehensive of the grimoires, or handbooks of magic. The attribution to the Andalusian mathematician al-Majriti (or al-Madjriti) (d. ca. 1004-7) is considered pseudo-epigraphic. The Latin translation dates to 1256 and the court of Alphonso the Wise, king of Castille, and exerted a considerable influence on Western magic thereafter. It is said that much of Ficino’s astrological magic derives from the Picatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, p

Communism and the Political and Economic Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 627 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Communism Essay Did you like this example? Karl Marx developed the political and economic theory of communism, in which, wealth is divided equally within the social classes. The goal of communism to ensure that all people, regardless of race, religion, disabilities, and so on are seen as completely equal in wealth and value. Communism is thus a form of socialism†a higher and more advanced form (Dagger). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Communism and the Political and Economic Theory" essay for you Create order The United States government and other capitalist countries watch as the wealthy strive and the poor die in debt and starvation. The government, to be as perfect as possible, should and must convert to communism for the greater good of the people to live in peace and harmony by eliminating all private property, as well as getting rid of social classes. In a pure communist society, there is a lack of individualism; no private ownership, no social classes, and no one person ideas affecting societal believes. Limiting individualism shows no one in a communist society is more valuable than another and everyone is of equal of value. Marx set to destroy the idea of individualism by, eliminating private property and making all lands open and shared by everyone in the community, expressing his values saying, The less you are, the more you have; the less you express your own life, the greater is your alienated life-the greater is the store of your estranged being (Marx). Marx saw the idea of private property ownership and how it causes people of higher wealth creates a divide with lesser wealth due to the inequality of the amount of owned property as a threat to the equality of people. With private property gone, social classes will also start to dissipate and fall due to the equality of possession of land, the outcome of which would creat e the harmonization of all citizens to be equal in terms of possessions. As Marx said,The ruling ideas are nothing more than the ideal expression of the dominant material relationships, the dominant material relationships grasped as ideas (Marx). In addition, people will all belong to one social leading to many benefits like health equality, economic equality, and equal opportunity. According to Marxs materialist theory, history is a series of class struggles and revolutionary upheavals, leading ultimately to freedom for all (Dagger). Social classes connect all of Marxs beliefs together in why Capitalism is wrong. Capitalism allows people to be higher than one another, it allows people to stand against the system, it allows workers and citizens to be taken advantage of. Karl Marx was noted to have valued equal opportunity, The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular representatives of the oppressing class are to represent and repress them (Marx). To get rid of social class, it would allow lower class members and middles class members to have the same opportunities as higher class members; thus allowing the same opportunities for true equality. Discrimination between the social class and writing will be abolished, no person will think they are greater as a person. In result, all humans will be purely equal in wealth and in value. With the abolishment of inequality between the people of social classes and private property, this creates further equilibrium within society and freedom for each citizen. The United States would severely benefit from switching to a pure communist government as it would eliminate poverty, racial tensions, and possibly so much more that we as a country need to heal. Without change, the American people will soon realize all the negatives effects that come with a Capitalist system. Works Cited Ball, Terence, and Richard Dagger. Communism. Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 4 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/topic/communism. Accessed 10/31/18 Marx, Karl, Friedrich Engels, Jones G. Stedman, and Karl Marx. The Communist Manifesto. New York: Penguin Books, 2006. Print.

Characteristics Of A Child With Cystic Fibrosis Or Down s...

When a child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis or down s syndrome a series of genetic testing is performed. Probability is used in everyday life such as weather, life expectancy, financial markets and even medical testing. It is a part of mathematics that deals in calculating different outcomes and whether it will or will not occur. For example, the probability of flipping a coin in the air and it landing on heads or tails would be 1 because .5 can be equal odds of landing or not landing. Probability links the mathematical world of theoretical model and the empirical world of data collection, it is used in a wide variety of ways especially in modern science today. Gregor Johann Mendel was born July 22, 1822 in Austria. He was raised on his parents farm and did good in school to graduate from high school at the age of 18. After high school he continued his education the The University of Olomouc where he studied subjects like physics, mathematics, and philosophy. At the age of 21 Gregor spoke to his teachers regarding his finacial situation and how he was having difficulties paying for school. One of his professors advised him to look into The Abbey of St. Thomas and possibly becoming a monk. This monastery was very interested in science and he could continue learning science and afford it here. In 1849 Gregor, not being to fond of his profession of being a monk, decided to try and presu being a high school teacher. When he failed the high school teaching exam in

Public Communication Project Domestic Violence - 889 Words

For my public communication project, I decided to go with something that is overlooked by many Americans, especially college students, which is domestic violence. Although, I have firsthand witnessed domestic violence growing up, I still found things that truly shocked me. For instance, (Safehorizon.org) reported that 1 in every 4 women is involved in some type of domestic violent relationship within their life. (Safehorizon.org) I would have never thought it was so common, especially in America. Other things that I found interesting was (Newdestinyhousing.org) reported that 33.33 percentage of homeless people in New York City were survivors of domestic violence. (Newdestinyhousing.org) One does not think of things like that and just judges people who are homeless. They assume homeless people are lazy, but in reality that isn’t true at all. I stumbled upon (Woodbridgedvrt.org) and it laid out the different types of violence and it truly shocked me. (Woodbridgedvrt.org) So man y people assume women can â€Å"just leave.† This is a horrible myth. If you have a child, how can you just leave and let your child live on the streets? You simple don’t and you toughen it out. I didn’t realize the various types of domestic violence and this project truly educated me on the various types. If I grew up a portion of my life in a domestic violent house and still had no idea on some of these things, how could people that didn’t grow up in that environment understand? That is why I chose theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Cognitive Career Theory On The Empowerment Of Battered Women958 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative legal experiences which decrease the battered woman’s self-efficacy and empowerment pursuits as well as interests and goals. Qualitative research on domestic violence has long documented the debilitating impacts it has on women’s sense of self (see, e.g. Hoff, 1990; Kirkwood, 1993 in Westmarland and Kelly 1097). As domestic violence is likely to have pervasive negative effects on a woman and their occupation regarding self-efficacy, this article suggests that â€Å"with the application of theRead MoreOffice : Victim Services Program Director1587 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral s Office: Victim Services Program Director 1. How do you define, talk about, and understand domestic violence (DV) /interpersonal violence (IPV)? Ms. Latimore defines domestic violence as a pattern of physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse or the threat of abuse used to get and maintain control over another person in a domestic setting. She says intimate partner violence (IPV) is violence in an intimate relationship by one spouse or a partner onto another spouse or partner. She says thatRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence And Sexual Relationships1379 Words   |  6 PagesIntimate Partner Violence One of the biggest problems that have been happening in some households over the last numbers of years is intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV has been identified as a world-wide public health concern (Kulwicki and Miller, 1999). The term intimate partner violence has been defined as the physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual abuse between a person and their spouse, this includes cohabitation and marriage. This type of violence will usually involve harm/control from oneRead MorePeace Domestic Violence Agency Essay2172 Words   |  9 PagesPEACE Domestic Violence Agency HSM 270 - Program Summary Axia – University of Phoenix STUDENT’S NAME Date, 2009 OVERVIEW OF THE PROGRAM PEACE Domestic Violence Agency provides a variety of ways to improve the efficiency of domesticated issues, servicing victims of sexual assaults and domestic violence. Their central focus is derived from a strategic mission statement, consequential approach, which essentially regulates the business’ calculated goals. Central Focus: I.) Decrease victimRead MoreSocial Media Contributions Against Gender Based Violence1400 Words   |  6 PagesWeb: Social Media Contributions Against Gender-Based Violence in Turkey Ozgecan Aslan lost her life while taking the bus home when the bus driver â€Å"allegedly bludgeoned her with a crowbar, stabbed her to death, and cut off her hands to hide the evidence† (Khazan 2015, 1) because she resisted rape. According to a UNICEF report, â€Å"globally, women aged between fifteen and forty-four are more likely to be injured or die as a result of male violence than through cancer, traffic accidents, malaria and warRead MoreA Program For Change : The Exposure Of Peoples Experiences, Stories And Opinions About Harassment953 Words   |  4 Pagesof peoples’ experiences, stories and opinions about harassment Hollaback. (2015). You have the power to end harassment. Retrieved from http://toronto.ihollaback.org/our-history/. The main objective of this foundation is to spread awareness, as communication is a key resource for women (or witnesses) to converse about the issue of harassment that is taking place to many in a certain area. Victims around Toro nto and the GTA share stories about harassment done to them or have witnessed. The point ofRead MorePeruvian Women Support Groups857 Words   |  3 Pagesmovement’s initial work began among working- class women, including those who lived in urban, working- class settlements as well as those who resided in the squatter developments that surrounded Lima, and focused on providing health, legal, and communication services for these women. Flora Tristan (FT), on the other hand, had vastly different beginnings. Although it was founded by women who had connections to leftist parties, FT could not be more different than MR in its initial objective. UnlikeRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence: What is it and how can you get help?1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntimate Partner Violence: What is it and how can you get help? Abuse is any behavior that is used to control and subdue another person through the use and fear of physical, emotional, and sexual assaults. Intimate partner violence can come in many forms. I will discuss these further as well as treatment options and services that are available for individuals in these abusive relationships. Intimate Partner Violence Intimate partner violence (IPV) or domestic violence, is violence that occurs betweenRead MorePersonal Narrative for Msw1643 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers often see clients who face a life-threatening disease or a social problem. These problems may include inadequate housing, unemployment, serious illness, disability, or substance abuse. Social workers also assist families that have serious domestic conflicts, including those involving child or spousal abuse. Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings that now are governed by managed care organizations. To contain costs, these organizations are emphasizing short-termRead MoreThe Walk a Mile in Her Shoes Charity1741 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2001, Frank Baird founded the charity event Walk a Mile in Her Shoes: The International Men’s March to Stop Rape, Sexual Assault, and Gender Violence in an effort to engage more men in the fight against sexual violence and domestic abuse in the United States and abroad (Walk a Mile in Her Shoes, n.d.). Walk a Mile in Her Shoes is a mile-long charity walk where men literally walk, jog, run, and occasionally trip in high heels, customarily red (the classic emblem for the walk). However, all types

Knowledge is made through writing Free Essays

Introduction Writing is indicative of knowledge about language and proficiency in the subject the student discusses in context. The current teaching orthodoxy focuses clearly on the improvement of sentence structure and uses extensive ‘knowledge about language’ and increased language awareness as a means to help pupils to write better English (Andrews, Torgerson, Beverton, Freeman, Locke, Low, Robinson Zhu, 2006). As such, knowledge is gained through understanding the meaning of derivates and shown through writing and understanding the aspects of teaching and learning grammar. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge is made through writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aspects of teaching grammar revolve around why the student should learn grammar and how he should learn it. Writing is then the basis of exemplifying knowledge in grammar. Construction of correct syntax and proving correlation of all aspects of proper syntax and tense in the syntax is the measure of knowledge in principal. According to Kane (1997), the whole point is to get students to use language correctly and well, so why not use examples from people who use language well? Her argument is the basis of using writing what others to showcase knowledge and level of knowledge of what has been understood have authored. Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, (2000) argue that, grammar works as a level in the understandings that we bring to language and–as important–to reflection on where this knowledge comes from and how it can be acquired. Much of what we write reflects to proficiency in what we have learnt, knowledge is seen within the context of what we show we know and much of it is through writing. A critical pedagogy Grammar and writing are linked; to study one is to study the other. This is where grammar instruction in high school requires critical pedagogy. Lack of knowledge on students putting down their thoughts down on paper is due to lack of grammar and writing skills. This is the reason why, students have problem with their readings, revisions and communication. Teaching grammar in high school requires a cognitive rather a communicative methodology due to the learner variables. The students are difficult to teach due to their age. Age is a variable which onsets attitudes towards grammar. 15yrs-25yrs old are very poor due to stereo typing it (attitudes towards grammar). Most teachers opt to seek communicative methodology as their basis of teaching. However, Murcia,    Hilles (1988) argue that,   no actual empirical studies have been conducted that prove that â€Å"communicative† classrooms produce better language learners than the more traditional teacher-dominated classroom. Richards, Rodgers (1986) points out that in spite of its intuitive appeal and anecdotal evidence which supports it, there is equally appealing and convincing evidence that a communicative approach can lead to the development of a broken, ungrammatical, pidginize form of the language beyond which students can never really progress. Knowledge is explicit; it is shown through language structures or rather sentences. The student’s ideas are communicated through sentences which if properly constructed show proficiency and knowledge. This is efficiency in syntax formation. According to (Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, (2000) experience of language work is gained in assisting children with their writing, especially in helping with the drafting and re-drafting of written work arising in the context of ongoing schemes of work. This makes writing integral in teaching and makes it the principal method to impart proficiency. In high school attitudes towards grammar as discussed by Krashen, 45% of high school students are good writers and listeners hence very good speakers and writers when taught cognitively. Speech is dependent on writing and listening skills, to impart knowledge to use these skills a cognitive approach is used. A Teaching and grammar instruction is more effective is approached through advocating writing and revision. The   teacher should aim at achieving coherent, clear and effectively written papers and should always emphasize on the students taking enough time to improve their work through revising them and drafting them to quality. It means the teacher employ hearing, speaking, writing and reading as the integral basis of learning. This methodology is comprehensive in improving the essentials of understanding and use of grammar easily through self-evaluation. The Speaking and writing form the basis of integrated learning and play a pivotal role in creating able learners of grammar.   The benefits of writing as the mechanism of imparting knowledge in high school students is that there is improved understanding of subject base, evolving subject base, ways of understanding, developing and applying knowledge; wider-discussion and examination of the inclusion of more writing within English programs. Burgess, Turvey Quashire (2000) argue that teachers should understand that there has to be a principled framework about the sort of knowledge grammar is. What is also needed is the opportunity for reconsidering their knowledge about the formal structures of language. When teaching grammar in a high school, it’s notable that the problem of tenses is high in class even with the smart kids knowing how to speak grammar fluently. Writing becomes problematic with kids only being able to write present tense but failing to identify other tenses and having proficiency in syntax formation. ‘What teachers should be understood is that, ability in grammar is more related to composition in some other subjects than in English. (R Andrews et al, p 40) Apart from syntax formation and tenses teaching the teachers experience difficulties in managing learning skills in the students and also improving on their skills. This is associated with the speech aspect of learning grammars that demean and stereotype the unable students; it creates a gap that the teacher has to fill through inducing enthusiasm and creating atmospheres that make learning grammar easy. The need for rules, order and discipline is particularly acute in large classes of unruly and unmotivated teenagers. In this sort of situation grammar offers the teacher a structured system that can be taught and tested in methodical steps. The alternative – allowing learners simply to experience the language through communication – may simply be out of the question. This means that putting teaching grammar first as a priority is quite important and also making the enthusiasm of learning grammar felt is also important. Kane (1997), point out that this is based on the teacher’s background when learning. Teachers can achieve a lot through teaching cognitively and making use of language instruction just by reading well-crafted texts to their students. Research has shown that teachers remember their own school grammar instruction without enthusiasm or pleasure, yet they tend to repeat that pattern with their own students (Brosnahan Neuleib, 1995). Knowledge of grammar is seen only through comprehension (writing) and its measured through the correctness of syntax. ‘Syntax is constraints which control acceptable word order within a sentence, or dominance relations (like head noun relative clause); and sentence combining as meaning: teaching techniques for splicing together simple sentences to make compound or complex ones. It can also cover sentence-embedding and other techniques for expanding and complicating the structure of sentences’ R. Andrews et al, p 42. Most important is to understand other variables so as to make teaching grammar effective. It therefore requires a particular kind of methodology, taking into account cultural, social and other contextual issues. Tentatively, high school students can learn the principles of generative grammar; knowledge of generative grammar enables such students to increase the proportion of well-formed sentences they write; and that knowledge of generative grammar can enable students to reduce the occurrence of errors in writing, R. Andrews et al, p 46. Teachers should comprehensively cover ‘sentence combining instruction which is effective in improving the sentence-combining skills’ and has a positive impact on writing quality. The teacher should realize that sentence combining is an effective means of improving the syntactic maturity of students in English between the ages of 5 and 16.    Teaching grammar as the key to having knowledge is one thing but there is need to identify the theoretical positions adopted in the study of English inform or challenge notions based on the practice and study of writing. The association of knowledge with the subject of English and with the subject of Writing need to be understood and their philosophic and pragmatic dimensions comprehensively researched English and Writing fall under the same cluster of studies and they form the basis of portraying knowledge and evaluating level of knowledge in the student, there is need understand what are there pedagogic developments that occur through having shared and comprehensive learning of writing and grammar for the purpose of attaining knowledge,. According to Knights Harper (2007) there is need to understand (so that we can apply); in what ways does the association of English and writing produce what might be called â€Å"responsive critical understanding† (ie. critical understanding that responds to the needs of the â€Å"critic† [ie. those applying critical consideration], in terms of explanation, an approach to truth, requirement. Conclusion Teaching grammar in high school should be based on a participatory approach due to learner variables and attitudes towards grammar in high school students. Systematic review of the effect of grammar teaching in English on 5–16-year-olds’ accuracy and quality in written composition has been the most extensive undertaken. Sources (Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, 2000), Teaching Grammar: working with student teachers. Changing English: Studies in Reading Culture, Mar2000, Vol. 7, Issue 1(http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm) (Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, 2000): Teaching Grammar: working with student teachers: Studies in Reading Culture Mar2000, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p7-21, 15p(http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm) (Kane, 1997): Teaching skills within meaningful contexts: Grammar in action; (in ‘The Reading Teacher’ Vol. 51, No. 1) pp 70-72 (http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm) (Brosnahan,I., Neuleib, J, 1995). Teaching grammar affectively: Learning to like grammar. In S. Hunter R. Waliace (Eds.), The place of grammar in writing instruction (pp. 204-212) Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook. (http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm) (Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, 2000): Teaching Grammar: working with student teachers (in ‘the editors of Changing English) pp 7-17(http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm) How to cite Knowledge is made through writing, Essay examples

Popular Destinations visited by Tourists †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Fundamentals Of Hospitality And Tourism? Answer: Introduction Tourism comprises of activities of individuals who travel and stay in places that are outside their common environment for no longer than one successive year in respect of leisure, business as well as other reasons. It is having the involvement of dislocation outside the general environment. The purpose of this assignment is identifying the nature of tourists in the world as well as in New Zealand. The push and pull factors are playing a pivotal role in respect of tourism. The push factors are considered being the internal factors that assist in forming the desirability to travel within potential tourists whereas the pull factors that are considered as the attractiveness of the place as recognized by the traveller, and they are prone to assist the traveller in making a real choice for a destination. Historical different era regarding tourism Early Forms of Tourism Early tourism is having two forms that include travel regarding business like trading as well as religious level. There occurred the facilitation of travel as well as exchange of products through the invention of money, writing as well as wheel by the Sumerians in 400 BC. Regarding this time, travel was also taking place due to certain private reasons, like the Olympic Games that were held in 776 B.C. by the Greeks (Barreda, 2016). The Roman travellers travelled for feeling enjoyed as well as for visiting the friends and relatives. The Roman travellers were majorly supported by enhancement in communications, first class roads as well as inns (Eggar, 2016). Religious travelling occurred as pilgrimages to the places of worship. Pilgrimages occurred for the fulfilment of a vow regarding the aversion of the dangers from a certain kind of illness or as penance in respect of sins. Renaissance Era With the Renaissance, there occurred the development of a few well-known universities because of which, there occurred the introduction of travel in respect of education mostly by the British. In the 16th century, travel for education gained popularity (Lee, 2016). With the passage of time, it was recognized that a gentlemans education need to be completed by a Grand Tour regarding the continents cultural centres that lasted for three years. In the early 16th century, Grand Tour was used. Although, it appeared in the beginning to be educational but with the passage of time, it turned out to be social. Pleasure-seeking young men travelled in a leisurely manner majorly through Italy and France for enjoying the cultural aspects as well as social life of Europe, and the major attractions included Venice, Paris as well as Florence (Hudson, 2017). By the end of the 18th century, there has occurred the institutionalization of this practice in respect of the societys upper class. Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes regarding the type as well as scale of growth regarding tourism. It helped in bringing not just improvements regarding the technological aspects but regarding necessary social changes as well, which made travel to be a desirable activity for recreation. The changes that occurred resulted in the rise in productivity as well as regular employment. Also, rising urbanization provided more individuals with the motivation as well as scope for going on a holiday. The changes helped in the emergence of the middle class that did the combination of the higher incomes as well as rising education into annual holidays (Eto, 2015). For escaping from their responsibilities as well as the crowded environment in the cities, people started travelling to the countryside or seashore on holidays. 19th Century The introduction of trains as well as the progress of steam power has both boosted the travelling. Along with the creation of additional business through the offering of trustworthy as well as low priced transportation, the railroads also helped in creating increasing amount of competition as different private organizations did a heavy investment in hotels, resorts as well as regarding the facilities for entertainment (Nair, 2015). The use of steam power offered the growing mobility required by the tourism business. The steamers on the major rivers offered authentic as well as low priced transportation that led to the famous day-trip cruises as well as the development of coastal resorts near large industrial towns. There occurred the emergence of the travel establishments and Thomas Cook is considered as the first travel organization (Breakey, 2014). With the 19th century, drawing to a close, photography as well as guidebooks started gaining popularity. A large number of guidebooks that were dealing with the domestic as well as overseas travel were getting sold to the tourists. The most famous amongst these was Baedeker, whose first publication came out in 1839 and gained popularity in becoming the foremost guide in respect of the countries of Europe. In the current scenario, Lonely Planet as well as Berlitz is considered being the modern kinds of guide books (Kim, 2017). 20th Century At the beginning of the 20th century, there occurred new types of mass communication, which did the stimulation of inquisitiveness regarding different countries. There occurred the decline of the railways as a way of travel with the motor car getting introduced. The seaside tours gained popularity because of the motorized public road transport as well as better conditions of the roads. The Second World War also gave rise to the growing interest regarding travel. The war resulted in introducing combatants not just to the new countries but also to the new continents that resulted in the generation of new friendships as well as interest in various cultural aspects (Rosa, 2016). The hotels also did the devising of their individual programs of short-stay holidays in respect of the private motorists. There also occurred a substantial increase in the demand regarding hired cars for overseas holidays. Historical landmarks in New Zealand Tourists are attracted towards New Zealand due to the lush natural brilliance of the country. There are huge ranges of beaches, mountains, volcanoes, forests as well as subterranean caves (Joppe, 2016). New Zealand comprises of various famous landmarks within the country, which are mentioned as follows: This is situated in Auckland and is standing at a height of 1,076 feet and considered to be the tallest building in New Zealand. Many activities can be done here such as taking a walk around the SkyWalk at 629 feet or taking a glass elevator to one of the three viewing platforms, booking a table at Orbit, which is a revolving restaurant. Bungee jumping can also be tried out from their 629 foot pergola (Ivanov, 2017). One Tree Hill This is considered being one of the tallest volcanic peaks in the Auckland city. It is also regarded as a sacred memorial ground in respect of the Maori settlers. It used to have only one individual totara tree at the top but during the late 1800s, it got replaced by a pine tree. During the end of the 20th century, the tree got destroyed twice and at present, a tree does exist (Yeh, 2013). The location of this building is in Wellington and the parliament building of New Zealand. It is regarded as the countrys national symbol. A Scottish architect did the designing of a 10-storey building in the shape of a real beehive. Here, we can find the offices of the Prime Minister as well as offices of the other members of the cabinet (Xiang, 2015). Moeraki Boulders This can be found in South Islands Otago coast. The perfectly spherical formations of these rocks cannot be considered as boulders in the technical sense but concretions whose exposure is done through erosion. As per the legend of the Maoris, this is a considered being the debris from a massive canoe. Tourists that are coming to see this historical landmark are given the permission for touching as well as climbing on the rocks (Page, 2014). This terminology is regarded as King of Forest in Maori and is considered as the biggest kauri tree in New Zealand. It is estimated to be approx. 2300 years old and can be found by hiking through the Waipoua kauir Forest Sanctuary on the North Island. General Nature of Tourists/Tourism around the world To discuss regarding the general nature of the tourists around the world certain aspects need to be taken into consideration such as motivation of tourists, types of tourists, reason for travelling as well as the Push and Pull Factors. The Theories of Motivation in respect of travelling does the classification of two forces of motivation such as Wanderlust as well as Sunlust. Also, the basic travel motivation can be divided as Physical motivators, Cultural motivators, Interpersonal motivators, as well as status and prestige motivators. Physical Motivators These are associated with rest, participation in sports, the requirement for recreation at the beach, as well as those motivators that are having direct connection with an individuals bodily healthcare like spas, baths and so on. With the help of the physical factors, there occurs the reduction in tension (Lee, 2016). Cultural Motivators These motivators are having the relation with the desirability of the traveller in learning about different countries as well as their art, music, dances, traditions, religions and so on. Interpersonal Motivators These motivators are associated with the desirability for meeting new individuals such as friends relatives and escaping the tremendous work pressure in everyday life (Murphy, 2017). Status Prestige Motivators These motivators are related with the requirements in respect of esteem as well as individual growth. Such motivations are considered as the desirability in respect of getting recognition, attention, power as well as appreciation. Classification of tourists Tourists are considered having different personality traits such as being psychocentrics, mid-centric as well as allocentrics. The psychocentrics or people concentrating upon their individual self are inhibited as well as not adventuresome. These kinds of tourists are not having the propensity for experimenting with accommodations, food as well as entertainment (Keller, 2016). The psychocentrics are having the expectation regarding the kind of food as well as activities they would like to have and for these type of tourists, safety as well as security plays a pivotal role (Ivanova, 2016). The mid-centrics are considered to exist within the psychocentrics as well as the allocentrics. The tourists that are having the mid-centric personality are not considered being adventurous in particular, however, they are not afraid of trying new experiences as long as these are considered being neither very much odd nor very much challenging. These kinds of tourists are constituting the mass market or the mass of the population. The allocentrics or individuals that have the interest as well as attention on other individuals are regarded as having high curiosity as well as thriving on getting stimulated as well as the changing aspects. These kinds of tourists are having the tendency for accepting the challenging aspects, meeting with the residents, trying out local food as well as drinks and staying in lodgings in the native places. Push and Pull Factors Push Factors These are considered being the internal factors that assist in forming the desirability to travel within potential tourists. To be specific, these are considered being the socio-psychological factors that are motivating or creating desirability for satisfying the requirement for travelling. As a result, under the impact of push factors, tourists who travel are not necessarily having choices that are considered being specific as well as having clarity (Ryan, 2016). Pull Factors The pull-type tourists get motivated for travelling in regard to their insight, anticipation as well as information regarding the place. Due to this, tourists who travel under the effect of pull factors are always having a clear choice of destination (Dopson, 2016). General Nature of Tourists/Tourism in New Zealand In the region of Northland, the top tourist attraction places are Bay of Islands, Waipoura forest, Tane Mahuta, Waitangi Treaty Grounds as well as Haruru Falls. In Auckland, the major attractions are Waiheke Island, Auckland War Memorial Museum, Rangitoto Island as well as Auckland Harbour Bridge. In the region of Waikato, the major attractions are the Waitomo Caves, Hamilton Gardens, Waikato Museum, Bridal Veil Falls and Cathedral Cove. In the region of Bay of Plenty, the major attractions are Waitapu, Lake Rotorua, Kaimai Mamaku Forest Park and Mount Maunganui. In the area of Wellington, the major places of attraction are Wellington Botanical Garden, Wellington Museum, National War Memorial. In the regions of South Island, Marlborough is having the major places of attraction such as Marlborough Sounds, Cloudy Bay, Wither Hills Farm Park, Waihopai Valley and Queen Charlotte Sounds. In the region of West Coast, the major places of attraction are the Fox Glacier, Franz Joseph Glacier, Paparoa National Park as well as Lake Matheson. In the region of Canterbury, the major areas of attraction are Lake Tekapo, Aoaraki Mount Cook National Park, Canterbury Museum, Christchurch Botanical Gardens, Christchurch Cathedral, and Southern Alps. In the region of Otago, the major places of attraction are Lake Wanaka, Lake Wakatipu and Queenstown (Fong, 2016). Discussion on International Visitor Arrivals The countries where there are top visitor arrivals are Australia, USA, UK, China as well as Germany. In respect of Australia, it can be stated that Australia did the welcoming of 8.5 million international tourists in the year ending June 2017. The international visitors who visited Australia did a spending of a record $39.8 billion in the year ending March 2017. In the UK, the purposes of journey for the tourists were mainly in respect of holidays, businesses, studies and VFR. According to a survey that was conducted in 2016, there was 13.90 m visit for the purpose of holiday, 9.19 m visit for the purpose of business, 11.57 m visit for the purpose of VFR. In the US, there has been an increase in the outbound travel by 3% and the long haul travel grew by 6%. According to a survey that was conducted by a renowned tour operator, 83% of the respondents of the survey are planning to take at least one vacation with the members of the family. Also, 37% are planning to take a multi-generational family trip. In China, 40% of the travellers are considered as group travellers, who travel once every 2 or 3 years. 35% of the travellers are considered as semi-independent travellers, who travel frequently in a year and plan certain organized programs (Mohammed, 2015). Majority of time they are considered to be between 25 and 35 years of age. 25% of the travellers are independent travellers, who are travel by themselves and are aged between 20 and 25 years. In respect of Germany, the travel trends that are expected prior to 2020 are to gain attention from the millennial travel market, a rise in longer stays, increased attention to the lesser-known places in Germany, a growth in user-generated content for marketing the country. Trends in Tourism and Hospitality Significant changes in Tourism and hospitality In the past few decades, the hospitality and tourism industry has witnessed significant changes. The changes can be aligned with many factors; however, globalisation in specific has largely influenced the trend. The allowance of free trade by the North America and the European countries has enhanced the accessibility level to people from different parts of world with their different purposes of visit. This has in particular eased out all the transactions related to financial terms. It has boosted and encouraged the foreign investments for different purposes such as for the construction of hotels, malls and multinational companies. It has helped in restructuring the hospitality industry (Mowforth Munt, 2015). It has brought many changes in the hospitality and the tourism industry. The first and foremost change is the purpose of visit. The purpose of visit has largely changed the picture of tourism industry nowadays. In the past days, people use to go to different places just to have some chill out days; however, they have now many different reasons. They are moving to other countries for pursuing higher studies. They are also moving for business such as for opening up a new subsidiary office. A large group of people are moving to the different parts of world for heath treatment purpose (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). The second change is the cultural integration. Different countries have now their focus on integrating different other cultures at just one place. One of such example is opening up an Asian food restaurant in North America and the European Countries. They are highly inclined to this as they see this as a potential option to attract and retain the foreign visitors (Zaei Zaei, 2013). The third change is the perception of the local government for the foreign visitors. The local government in different countries have now realised the potentiality of the tourism and hospitality sector. This has perhaps emerged as one of the potential options for improving the GDP growth of the concerned country. Governments now understand the importance of tourism sector, which is why they put their high focus on developing the tourism sector. They have high focus on the tourism infrastructure, which also means that they are highly open to foreign visitors. Such trend is expanding in its growth with the passage of time (Nunkoo, 2015). Changes in the Pattern of travel (- shorter trips) There has been a dramatic change in the distances that people travel today. In the past, people use to cover only few miles. However, this has gradually transformed into big coverage of distances. The advent of trains has further progressed the travelling distances. People started preferring to go to a larger distances as they can now travel at a relatively faster speed to reach to a distant locations. The advent of aeroplanes has revolutionised the purpose of visit. People have now options to travel to a location, which is at high distance. With the advent of various new technologies in aeroplane, people can now visit to anywhere in the world. They just need to have the required budget and the purpose for visit (Scheiner Holz-Rau, 2013). Emerging Global Destinations Few global destinations are emerging centres for tourism. Poland in Europe is gaining in popularity because of its status as meeting hub. The strengthening economy has also contributed in the fact. Portugal is another name, which is also one of few locations that are widely popular as meeting place. Azerbaijan is the other name, which is strongly preferred for its development as a meeting place and the tourism industry. The country has large number of historical places, which is attractive and appealing as well. The local government is widely keen also in the development of tourism industry. On a same note, Oman in the Middle East is the emerging market for tourism. The high-end development of the country in terms of infrastructure and tourism sector has helped the country emerged as one of the potential destinations for tourism. The development of the Oman Convention Exhibition Centre is noteworthy in this context. In Asia, China is one of the highly emerging locations as far as to urism is concerned. This is a place where numerous organisations are headquartered. It has become a widely appealing financial sector. Apart from these locations, some other places are in the list of emerging destinations for tourism. Such locations are Colombia Panama from South America and Melbourne Brisbane from Oceania (Cohen Cohen, 2015). Conclusion The assignment is on the Hospitality and Tourism industry. It has in brief covered the picture of the tourism industry in the past. It has also presented the tourism industry of current. The term tourism has started gaining in popularity in the early 19th century. In the Renaissance Era, there started the construction of universities in Britain, which also marked the travelling for education purpose. The 19th century marked a revolutionary start for the trains. This has resulted in booming success of the tourism and the hospitality industry. New Zealand is famous for lush green natural scenes. The natural scenic beauties along with the other landmarks have stood this place in the list of those few locations, which are small but powerful. Various motivational factors encourage people for global visit. One of such motivations is the purpose of visit. Some has to pursue the higher education whereas some has to do business meetings. Fulfilment of different personal reasons is the one rea son that has motivated the people for foreign visits. Australia, UK, USA and Germany are the most developed tourist destinations whereas China is a high emerging destination for tourism. There have been few significant changes in the tourism industry. 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The U.S. Department of Commerce Using IT to Tap Experts’ Know

The U.S. Department of Commerce: Using IT to Tap Experts’ Know-How through Knowledge Management Essay Case Study4: the U. S. Department of Commerce: using IT to Tap Experts’ Know-How through Knowledge Management 1. What are the key businesses challenges facing companies in supporting their global marketing and expansion efforts? How is AskMe knowledge management system helping to meet this challenge? Explain. -The key business challenges facing companies are such as knowing what trade show to attend if the company is interested in selling medical equipment, what papers to file if the company is trying to expand their software business, what local laws must to be considered, who their business competition is likely to be etc. They are helping U. S. companies do things such as perform international market research or locate overseas partners. AskMe knowledge management system is helping to meet the challenges by identifying the people and providing resources to solve problems via the Web. They post answers according to different subject categories, upload documents, or even direct businesses to specialized publication online. . How can the AskMe system help to identify weaknesses in global business knowledge within the Department of Commerce? -The AskMe system can help to identify weaknesses in global business knowledge by looking at questions the company asked and if there are not enough documents posted by the trade experts, the DOC can identify where the gap in information counseling or subject knowledge. 3. What other global trade situations could the AskMe system provide information about? Provide some examples. -The AskMe system can provide information on the businesses in the US that are expanding their products or service into the international market. The system can also help boost U. S. exports by making it easier to tap experts know-how. It can also provide information on specific countries across the globe that are attracting US businesses.